SOCHA, J.J.; O’DEMPSEY, T.: A three-dimensional analysis of flying snake flight Flying snake flight is a unique form of locomotion, in which the functional �wing� oscillates from side to side relative to the direction of forward travel. The kinematics and body posture changes of the snake�s aerial descent are central to the ultimate goal of […]

NAUEN, J.C.; LAUDER, G.V.: Wake structure and force production during steady swimming by the chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus We quantified patterns of water motion in the wakes of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) swimming steadily in a recirculating flow tank at speeds of 1.2 and 2.2 lengths/s. Using Digital Particle Image Velocimetry methods, thrust was calculated […]

DONLEY, Jeanine/M; SHADWICK, Robert/E: Steady swimming muscle dynamics in the leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata) We investigated the muscle dynamics of the aerobic red myotomal muscle during steady swimming in the leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata. Electromyographic and sonometric techniques were used to measure red muscle activation patterns and instantaneous muscle length. The timing of muscle activation […]

LIAO, J.*; BEAL, D.N.*; LAUDER, G.V.*; TRIANTAFYLLOU, M.*: Novel body kinematics of trout swimming in a von Karman trail; can fish tune to vortices? Flow past cylinders creates a downstream array of staggered, counter-rotating vortices known as the von Karman trail. By altering the combination of flow and cylinder diameter we can change the frequency […]

TYTELL, E.D.*; LAUDER, G.V.: Multiple escape response patterns in Polypterus senegalus: Kinematics and electromyography The kinematics and muscle activity patterns of escape responses in the bichir, Polypterus senegalus, were analyzed using high speed video and electromyography (EMG). Five fish were filmed at 250Hz while recording white muscle activity at five sites on both sides of […]

ANDERSON, E.J.*; JIANG, H.; GROSENBAUGH, M.A.: Jet flow in swimming squid Jet flow from live swimming squid (L. pealei) and boundary layer flow in the vicinity of the jet orifice were visualized using PIV and PTV. The squid were swum in a flume at 0.25 – 2 body lengths per second (BL/s) (i.e. 9 – […]

LAURITZEN, Dean V.*; HERTEL, Fritz; GORDON, Malcolm S.: Experimental Studies of Jumping Preferences of Adult Migrating Pacific Salmon The damming of streams has been a major contributor to the decline of many populations of anadromous fishes around the world. This is especially true for the endangered Pacific salmon. Fishladders have been built to help fishes […]

BISHOP, K.L.; SWARTZ, S.M.; STOCKWELL, E.F.; SKENE, J.A.; ISMAEL-AGUIRRE, M.F.: Three Dimensional Complexity of Bat Wing Movements The kinematics of vertebrate flight have traditionally been described in terms of a few, simply measured parameters, i.e. wing beat frequency, stroke amplitude, and stroke plane angle, but how these parameters affect the aerodynamics of flight is not […]

TOBALSKE, B.W.*; ALTSHULER, D.L.; POWERS, D.R.: Take-off mechanics in hummingbirds (Trochilidae) Among birds species studied to date, leg forces contribute proportionally more to initial take-off velocity than lift from the wings. Hummingbirds use their wings in a different manner compared with all other flying birds, and, as members of the Apodiformes, hummingbirds possess relatively small […]

HEDRICK, TL; TOBALSKE, BW; DIAL, KP; BIEWENER, AA: Power Output of Cockatiels: A Musculo-skeletal and Aerodynamic Approach Measurements of pectoralis muscle power output were obtained in cockatiels (Nymphaticus hollandicus n=5, 97.4g) trained to fly in a wind tunnel over a wide range of speeds (1 – 14 m/s). Pectoralis muscle force was measured via a […]