HURTT, B.C.*; BEKOFF, A.C. : MODULATION OF THE WALKING MOTOR PATTERN IN CHICKS DUE TO ASYMMETRIC LOADING OF THE FLEXOR MUSCLES Rhythmic motor patterns, such as walking, can be characterized by various components of the movement cycle using a variety of techniques, including kinematic and electromyographic (EMG) analyses. Normal, unloaded walking motor patterns are asymmetric: […]

FISH, F.E.; FRAPPELL, P.B.; BAUDINETTE, R.V.; MACFARLANE, P.M.: Energetics of terrestrial locomotion of the platypus: Metabolic inefficiencies due to aquatic adaptation The platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus displays specializations in its limb structure for swimming which could negatively impact its terrestrial locomotion. Platypuses locomoted on a treadmill at speeds from 0.19 to 1.08 m/s. Video records were […]

WHITE, T.D.*; REILLY, S.M.: Abdominal motor dynamics in mammal locomotion II: Integration of ventilation with “cross-coupled” body support and footfall patterns in trotting opossums T.D. White and S.M. Reilly Buffalo State College and Ohio University Abdominal motor dynamics in mammal locomotion II: Integration of ventilation with “cross-couplet” body support And footfall patterns in trotting opossums. […]

REILLY, S.M.*; WHITE, T.D.: Abdominal motor dynamics in mammal locomotion I: Asymmetrical modulation of “cross-couplet” body support in trotting opossums Electromyographical patterns of abdominal muscles and muscles associated with the epipubic bones were studied in the Virginia (Didelphis virginiana) and Pygmy (Monodelphis domestica) Opossums during treadmill locomotion at different speeds. Both species exhibited a striking […]

CLIFFORD, A.B.*; WITMER, L.M.: The Narial Anatomy of Hooded Seals (Cystophora cristata) with Respect to other Carnivora. Male hooded seals (Phocidae: Cystophora cristata) have two inflatable devices, both of which involve modification of their narial and facial anatomy. 1) An inflatable integumentary bladder is formed as the elastic and hairy epithelium covering the narial region […]

Sedlmayr, J.C.*; Witmer, L.M.: The Avian Suborbital Air Sac and its Potential Role in Brain Cooling in Birds and Other Dinosaurs The avian suborbital air sac, a caudal diverticulum of the antorbital paranasal air sinus, partially encircles the eyeball and interleaves between portions of the jaw musculature. It is unique in being a paranasal sinus […]

Powell, K.P.*; Rommel, S.A.: Reproductive Anatomy of the Female Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris). The Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris), an endangered marine mammal, inhabits coastal waters of the Southeastern United States. Relative to many other mammals, descriptions of the female reproductive tract of the Florida manatee are limited. It is essential to understand the […]

Watts, P.*; Fish, F.: Fluid Dynamic Role of Tubercles on Humpback Whale Flippers Tubercles are leading edge protrusions on the flippers of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). Humpback whales are the only baleen whales that capture prey through routine tight maneuvers. We investigated the fluid dynamic benefits of tubercles with regard to force production by the […]

ROMMEL, S.A.*; PABST, D.A.; MCLELLAN, W.A.: Convergent evolution in the vascular systems of three marine mammals Conservation of thermal energy in aquatic mammals is essential for the maintenance of high core temperatures in a heat conducting aquatic environment. Seals, dolphins, and manatees have gross morphological adaptations such as large size, modification of appendages, and blubber […]

THOMPSON, J.T.: The ontogeny of squid mantle structure and function The mantle of cephalopod molluscs is composed of a complicated arrangement of several different muscle and connective tissue components. Much is known about mantle structure and function in adult squid. However, significant alterations in mantle organization occur during ontogeny that may entail significant changes in […]