Podolsky, R.D.: Intertidal embryos: temperature tradeoffs during early development Species from several phyla brood or deposit benthic embryo masses in intertidal habitats. These habitats can expose embryos to extreme environmental change on short time-scales, which can have diverse effects on development. In the mollusc Melanochlamys diomedia environmental (= developmental) temperature can change from 11 to […]

WENDT, D.E.: Energetics of Larval Swimming and Metamorphosis in Four Species of Bugula (Bryozoa) The amount of energy available to larvae during swimming, location of a suitable recruitment site, and metamorphosis influences the length of time larvae can spend in the plankton. Energetic parameters such as oxygen consumption during swimming and metamorphosis, and elemental carbon […]

HENDERSON, S.Y.: Adult nutrition on juvenile growth in Bugula pacifica Bugula pacifica supplies nutrients to developing brooded larvae through a placenta-like attachment. Previous experiments of mine showed trends toward smaller larval size, slower growth, and longer time to first reproduction for juvenile colonies that came from nutritionally stressed adults when compared to larval and juvenile […]

Gillis, G.B.*; Biewener, A.A.: Plasticity in Limb Muscle Function During Locomotion Studies of musculoskeletal function in vivo during vertebrate locomotion have typically focused on muscles performing a specific role over a limited range of activities. As a result we currently have little appreciation for the breadth of function some muscles might exhibit over a broader […]

Girard, I.*; McAleer, M. W.; Rhodes, J. S.; Garland, T., Jr.: Increased intermittency of locomotion in house mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running. After 21 generations of artificial selection for increased wheel running, female house mice (Mus domesticus) from replicate selection lines demonstrated greatly increased voluntary locomotion on running wheels (circumference 1.12 m; […]

Griffin, T.M.*; Garcia, S.; Wickler, S.J.; Hoyt, D.F.; Kram, R.: Determinants of the walk-trot transition and preferred walking speeds: Insights from intra-specific size comparisons of horses Much of our understanding of the effects of size on locomotion has come from inter-specific size comparisons (i.e. mouse-to-elephant). To control for phylogenetic and morphological differences associated with inter-specific […]

Norcliffe, H. R.*; Watts, P.; Carrier, D. R.: Comparative Study of Human Locomotion in Microgravity Because human locomotion evolved with the burden of gravity, locomotion is difficult in space. The absence of significant gravitational force could make human flight commonplace in a space station. To address this possibility, we analyzed mechanisms of animal locomotion applied […]

CARD, G.*; WEYAND, P.; BIEWENER, A.A.: Changes in Effective Mechanical Advantage of the Human Limb during Sprint Acceleration How do people go fast? Previous studies have examined the role of leg muscle force in relation to energy cost during running at various steady speeds, but few have addressed how the leg muscles contribute to accelerating […]

WILLEY, J.S.*; REILLY, S.M.; BIKNEVICIUS, A.R.: The mechanics of a semi-erect posture: Locomotor force studies in Alligator Most studies of locomotor mechanics have focused on species utilizing erect postures. In order to begin to understand the mechanics of non-erect postures, we quantify the single limb locomotor function and whole body mechanics of Alligator mississippiensis using […]

LAMMERS, A.R.: The effects of incline and branch diameter on the kinematics of arboreal locomotion It is likely that the common ancestor of Mammalia was small, quadrupedal, and scansorial. To better understand the kinematics of arboreal locomotion in a primitive, scansorial mammal, I examined the effects of branch angle and diameter on limb posture, speed, […]