GOLDSTEIN, J; HOFF, K; HILLYARD, S: Effects of angiotensin II and hydration state on water absorption behavior of toads (Bufo punctatus) Anuran amphibians press their ventral skin to moist surfaces to facilitate osmotic water uptake, a process termed cutaneous drinking. The frequency and duration of two cutaneous drinking behaviors (the water absorption response, WR and […]

HIROI, J.*; MCCORMICK, S.D.: Effect of salinity on Na,K-ATPase and Na,K,2Cl-cotransporter in three salmonids with varying degrees of salinity tolerance Chloride cells in the gills of teleosts are the major site of ionic regulation. We compared seawater tolerance and chloride cell morphology of three salmonids, lake trout, brook trout and smolt of Atlantic salmon. Three […]

PELIS, R.M. *; RENFRO, J.L.: Active Sulfate Secretion by the Intestinal Epithelium of Winter Flounder is through Anion Exchange for Chloride Marine teleosts are hypoosmotic to their surrounding environment and must continuously drink seawater to avoid dehydration. It is widely accepted that net absorption of monovalent ions (sodium and chloride) occurs across teleost intestinal epithelial […]

SULLIVAN, C; Harvard University: Three-dimensional hindlimb kinematics of Alligator mississippiensis In contrast to birds and large, cursorial mammals, living amphibians and reptiles do not restrict their limbs to movement in a parasagittal plane during normal walking. The three-dimensional nature of limb mechanics in amphibians and reptiles implies that movement at a given joint cannot be […]

DEMES, Brigitte; CARLSON, Kristian J.; FRANZ, Theresa M.; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook University: The dynamics of lemur turns Maneuverability is an important, yet understudied, aspect of locomotion in arboreally adapted animals, as substrate properties require frequent turns. This is a first attempt to quantify the forces involved in turning. Substrate reaction […]

LAMMERS, A.R.; Cleveland State Univ., Ohio: The biodynamics of quadrupedal locomotion on sloped arboreal substrates Most small mammals regularly encounter heterogeneous terrain, including slopes, rocky debris, and vegetation. Thus they should be capable of moving on a variety of substrates. In this study, I examined gait and locomotor kinetics in gray short-tailed opossums (Monodelphis domestica) […]

SPONBERG, S.N.; CHANG, C.; FULL, R.J.; Univ. of California, Berkeley; Univ. of California, Berkeley; Univ. of California, Berkeley: Sensory Independent, Feedforward Control of Locomotion in Cockroaches Running over Rough Surfaces Kinematic analysis provides no evidence for feedback control when cockroaches run over rough terrain. A tripod gait is maintained and animals do not use a […]

MARSH, R.L.*; RUBENSON, J.; HENRY, H.T.; DIMOULAS, P.M.; Northeastern University, Boston, MA: Muscle energetics measured by blood flow in guinea fowl during uphill running Running uphill requires more energy than running at the same speed on the level. We used measurements of muscle blood flow with microspheres to partition the energy cost of uphill running […]

CARLSON, K.J.*; DEMES, B.; FRANZ, T.M.; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook University: Mediolateral forces associated with quadrupedal gaits of lemurids Mediolateral (ML) peak forces and impulses during locomotion often are described as trivial or erratic. To evaluate these assertions, we quantified substrate reaction forces (SRFs) of forelimb (FL) and hind limb (HL) […]

JINDRICH, Devin L.; BESIER, Thor F.; LLOYD, David G.; Univ. of California, Los Angeles; Stanford University; University of Western Australia: Mechanical constraints on the control of human running turns To execute movement, neural control systems must work within mechanical constraints imposed by the motor task. Specific force, work and power requirements have been identified for […]