Van Voorhies, W. A.: Broad oxygen tolerance in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. I studied the effects of oxygen tensions ranging from 0 to 90 kPa on the metabolism, movement, and survivorship in the free-living, soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. C. elegans requires oxygen to develop and survive. However, it can maintain a normal metabolic rate at […]

ROSE, C.S.*; JOHNSON, A.L.: Thyroid hormone-mediated cell proliferation in frog Meckel’s cartilage is specified before neural crest migration. The shape and arrangement of neural crest-derived cranial cartilages are known to be specified before the neural crest cells start to migrate from the neural fold. Metamorphic vertebrates pose an additional problem in that their cranial cartilages […]

MOSHEL-LYNCH, S. M.: The conservation of regulatory genes and the evolution of molluscs In Molluscs, the gastropods have undergone a great deal of change from the bilateral bauplan of their basal members. The investigation of regulatory gene pathways will facilitate our understanding of how this evolutionary diversification has taken place, particularly mesoderm formation and differentiation. […]

EREZYILMAZ*, D.F.*; RIDDIFORD, L.M.; TRUMAN, J.W.: Juvenile hormone and the origin of insect larvae. Insects use two different life history strategies. In the ancestral hemimetabolous, or direct developing insects, embryonic development typically produces a miniature version of the adult. The nymph that emerges from the eggshell simply increases in size through the successive nymphal molts, […]

DAVIDSON, B.J.*; SWALLA, B.J.: Heads or Tails? Larval vs. Post-larval Development in the Urochordates The vast majority of research on tunicate development focuses on the embryogenesis of axial structures (notochord and dorsal nerve cord) within the larval tail. However, the majority of tunicate development takes place after the tail is resorbed at settlement. After settlement, […]

HEYLAND, A.; REITZEL, A.M.; HODIN, J.: Facultative feeding in an obligatorily feeding sand dollar larva: The role of thyroid hormones in echinoderm life history evolution. Lecithotrophic development has evolved from planktotrophic development numerous times in echinoderms and other marine invertebrates. Lecithotrophic larvae develop from relatively large yolky eggs that provide the organism with sufficient energy […]

ELLERBY, D.J.; MARSH, R.L.; CARR, J.A.; HENRY, H.; Northeastern University; Northeastern University; Northeastern University; Northeastern University: Muscle function in running guinea fowl: linked muscles spanning multiple joints The guinea fowl hind limb contains a number of linked muscles and tendons that cross multiple joints. This complex anatomical arrangement makes inference of muscle length from limb […]

BRAINERD, E.L.*; AZIZI, E.; Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst: Muscle fiber angle and strain amplification in segmented musculature Segmented axial musculature is a defining characteristic of vertebrates and their close relatives. We have developed a mathematical model of segmented muscle in which the relationships between muscle fiber angle, muscle fiber strain, segment strain and segment force […]

MAIN, R.P.*; DONOVAN, C.M.; BIEWENER, A.A.; Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University: Bone strain in the goat radius through ontogeny Do functional bone strain patterns remain uniform during ontogenetic growth? Previous results obtained for chickens (Gallus) suggest that this is the case; but to date no study has examined this for any other species. We […]

HERMANSON, J.W.*; DUCHARME, N.G.; BUTCHER, M.T.; BERTRAM, J.E.A.; Cornell Univ., Ithaca; Cornell Univ., Ithaca; Florida State Univ., Tallahassee; Florida State Univ., Tallahassee: Activity and function of equine digital flexor muscles. The function and morphology of equine forelimb digital flexor muscles was studied to assess their role in locomotion. Equine superficial (SDF) and deep (DDF) digital […]