Zepnewski, E.*; Nishikawa, K.: Connective tissue in ballistic tongues Nerve transection experiments of the main tongue protractor muscle showed differences in feeding behavior between Rana pipiens and Bufo woodhousii. Bufo woodhousii shows a reduction in tongue protraction length without directional deviation. The tongueof R. pipiens, while also showing a reduction in extension, deviates toward the […]

Monroy, J.A.*; Nishikawa, K.C.: Aiming during prey capture in microhylid frogs Microhylid frogs have the unusual ability to aim their tongues independently of the head during prey capture. The tongue is elongated hydrostatically, which requires a novel protractor muscle (m. genioglossus) morphology. This novel morphology and demand for fine motor control raised the question: Are […]

SANE, Sanjay P.; DICKINSON, Michael H.: The isolation and modeling of wake capture during insect flight During flight, insects control the aerodynamic forces on their wings through subtle alterations in their wing kinematics. These alterations allow the insects to generate the requisite moments for control of pitch, roll or yaw while maintaining sufficient lift to […]

WARD, A.B.; AZIZI, E: Kinematics of the Startle Response in Elongate Fishes and Amphibians Escape responses in fishes have typically been described as C-starts which are characterized by two kinematic stages: a rapid unilateral bend occurs in stage one and a propulsive wave is passed in stage two. Our observations indicate that, when startled, elongate […]

CLARKE, J. A.; GAUTHIER, J. A.; NORELL, M. A.; QIANG, Ji: Justified inference and the origin of an avian propatagium Most versions of the arboreal theory for the origin of avian flight assume that a propatagium – a membrane spanning the gap between shoulder and wrist – was associated a gliding phase prior to active […]

SOCHA, J.J.; O’DEMPSEY, T.: A three-dimensional analysis of flying snake flight Flying snake flight is a unique form of locomotion, in which the functional �wing� oscillates from side to side relative to the direction of forward travel. The kinematics and body posture changes of the snake�s aerial descent are central to the ultimate goal of […]

LANDYS-CIANNELLI, M. M.; RAMENOFSKY, M.; WINGFIELD, J. C.; University of Washington, Seattle; University of Washington, Seattle; University of Washington, Seattle: The glucocorticoid-like receptor promotes feeding during spring migration and during energetic stress in the Gambel’s white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii) Plasma levels of corticosterone increase during the period of spring migration in a variety of […]

PHILLMORE*, L.S.; MACDOUGALL-SHACKLETON, S.A.; University of Western Ontario; University of Western Ontario: Photoperiodism in Black-capped Chickadees Most seasonally-breeding birds terminate reproduction when they enter a state of photorefractoriness. At this time, the length of daylight that was sufficiently long to stimulate reproduction in the spring is no longer stimulatory, and birds regress their gonads and […]

DEFUR, Peter/L; FOERSOM, Lisa/L; TUBERTY, Shea; Virginia Commonwealth Univ; Virginia Commonwealth Univ; Appalachian State Univ: Effects of the pesticide endosulfan on molting in juvenile red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii We examined the effects of endosulfan exposure on molting in juvenile crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, common inhabitants of southeastern freshwater wetlands where endosulfan is used agriculturally. Endosulfan […]

MCNABB, F.M.A.*; MAHER, R.D.; JONES, J.E.; JANG, D.A.; Virginia Tech, Blacksburg: Ammonium Perchlorate Effects on Developing and Adult Thyroid Function in Bobwhite Quail and Mallard Ducks We investigated the effects of ammonium perchlorate (AP), an environmental contaminant resulting from its use as an oxidizer in solid rocket fuels, on thyroid function in two avian species. […]