Pfennig, D. W.*; Harcombe, W. R.; Pfennig, K. S.: Coral snake mimics are protected only when they occur with their model Many species avoid being eaten by mimicking unpalatable species. A critical, but untested, prediction of mimicry theory is that protection from predators should break down in the absence of a dangerous model. We evaluated […]

ANDERSON, M.J.; SMITH, S.D.; MILLER, J.T.; WILLIAMS, E.E.: The lipid composition of hypodermal microvilli from the carapace of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) changes during the molt cycle. Growth in crustaceans involves the formation of a new, pliant cuticle beneath the existing one. The old cuticle is shed by the animal (ecdysis) and the new […]

MEYER, E.*; HAAG, A.L.; MANAHAN, D.T.: Ontogenetic changes in expression of putative amino acid transporter genes in sea urchins measured by immunoblotting Changes in the kinetics of amino acid transport occur during sea urchin development, but little is known about the mechanisms of these physiological changes. Clones with strong sequence similarity to previously characterized amino […]

MOORE, M.; MANAHAN, D.T.: Genotype dependant utilization of lipid and protein reserves in oyster larvae Hybrid vigor (heterosis) is an important phenomenon in animals and plants that results in increased growth of offspring obtained from crossing inbred parents. The physiological bases for heterosis are not fully understood. Larvae of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas show […]

GOODWIN, C.R.; DENZEL, S.A.; AMAN, S.A.; WOHLGEMUTH, S.E.; JULIAN, D.*: Free radical scavengers decrease toxic effects of hydrogen sulfide in vitro Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is well known as a metabolic toxin that poisons mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. H2S occurs naturally in a number of marine environments and a variety of invertebrates have specific physiological adaptations […]

ELLINGTON, W.R.*; BUSH, J.: Cloning and Expression of an Echiuroid Lombricine Kinase Phosphagen kinases constitute a family of phosphoryl transfer enzymes which are widely distributed throughout the animal kingdom. Among these, creatine kinase (CK) and arginine kinase (AK) have been the most extensively studied. Lombricine kinase (LK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of lombricine (guanidinoethylphospho-O-serine) to lombricine […]

PAGE, A.J.*; MCNEILL, J.M.; VANDERGON, T.L.; RIGGS, C.K.; RIGGS, A.F.: Cerebratulus lacteus Body Wall and Neural Hemoglobins Associate to Form Dimers or Tetramers. The nemertean Cerebratulus lacteus expresses hemogobin (Hb) in neural and body wall muscle tissues. Each tissue expresses a unique globin from separate genes encoding proteins with 109 amino acid residues, making them […]

DILLON, M.E.*; Univ. of Washington, Seattle: Wingbeat kinematics of bumblebees hovering at simulated high altitude Bumblebees (genus Bombus) thrive in alpine ecosystems, regularly flying to flowers above 4000 m despite the difficulty of producing lift in low-density air. Bumblebees may respond to this challenge by evolving increased wing area, muscle mass or efficiency. Individual bees […]

BAIER, David B.; GATESY, Stephen M.; Brown University; Brown University: Shoulder Mechanics in Gliding Birds: Implications for the Evolution of Forelimb Aerodynamics The avian shoulder joint is highly mobile to permit flapping, yet also stable enough to prevent dislocation. Bony and soft tissues making up the joint must accommodate loads to balance muscular, aerodynamic, gravitational, […]

BYRNES, G.T.*; HORISAWA, S.; GOLDBOGEN, J.A.; University of Texas, Austin; University of Texas, Austin; University of Texas, Austin: Hummingbird Flight Maneuverability: A Three-Dimensional Analysis Hummingbirds exhibit a suite of complex flight-based behaviors including hovering, evasive maneuvers, territorial defense, and long-distance migration. Such diverse tasks potentially impose conflicting mechanical demands on the flight apparatus. We quantitatively […]