Sage, R.F.: How Plants Sense, Signal, and Respond to Carbon Dioxide Most effects of atmospheric CO2 increase arise indirectly as a result of photosynthetic stimulation, inhibition of respiration, or improved water use efficiency. Only the guard cells that control stomatal function are known to directly sense variation in CO2 and transduce it into a regulated […]

HUEY, R.B.: Behavior as a buffer of environmental change A common view is that animals and plants differ fundamentally in the way they interact with the physical environment. For example, animals are generally much more mobile than plants and thus are better able to use behavior to ameliorate environmental change. If this is the case, […]

Crowe, J.H.*; Crowe, L.M.: Anhydrobiosis: A Unique Biological State Anhydrobiosis (“life without water”) is a wide-spread phenomenon in all major groups of lower organisms. Anhydrobiotic organisms often contain as little as 2% water content. They persist in the dry state for lengthy periods, but when they are returned to water they rapidly rehydrate and resume […]

STRATHMANN, R.R.: Selection of Sites for Deposition of Benthic Eggs Collaborators are SY Henderson (1st author) ML Grace, SL Graham, LS Hong, TC Kang, CLM Altman (formerly CL Martin), MA Morris, and C Vogel. Estimated mortality rates indicate that embryos on the sea floor are safer than planktonic larvae; but safety of benthic embryos depends […]

GEIGER, D.L.: Russel Zimmer’s contribution to the biology of non-tentaculates; a malacological perspective Russ ran an atypical university laboratory. There was no common group goal, no mandatory subject to be studied, no lab meetings. Instead, Russ encouraged his students to follow their own interests, though with a slight disproportionate favor for the tentaculates. Over the […]

JAECKLE, W.; TWANOW, C.; BALSER, E.: Nutrient assimilation and distribution pathways in planktotrophic larvae of echinoid echinoderms. Ruppert and Balser (1986) proposed that the axocoel-pore canal complex (“kidney”) in planktotrophic larvae of echinoderms and hemichordates functions to regulate body water volume and distribute nutrients. We tested the nutrient translocation aspect of this hypothesis by tracing […]

PILGER, J. F. *; MARTINDALE, M. Q.: Hox and ParaHox Genes in the Echiura and Sipuncula Molecular phylogeny has provided an additional lens through which we can study animal evolution. Based primarily on 18S rRNA these studies have resulted in changes to the anatomically based phylogenies including, among others, the division of the protostomes into […]

NEDVED, B.T.*; HADFIELD, M.G.: Fate of larval muscles during metamorphosis of Hydroides elegans Metamorphosis of marine invertebrate larvae occurs rapidly and is triggered by the binding of specific external cues with appropriate larval receptors. This binding activates a cascade of events that culminate with the loss or reorganization of larval tissues and the appearance of […]

FAUCHALD, K.: Facial tubercles in scale worms (Aphroditacea; Polychaeta; Annelida) The most obvious synapomorphy for the aphroditacean polychaetes are the flattened scales on the dorsum. However, many scale worms have facial tubercles; this may be another structure unique to the scale worms. As the term is used now, facial tubercles include a variety of anterior […]

HADFIELD, M. G.*; KOEHL, M. A. R.: Dissolved cues to invertebrate larval settlement: do they work in moving water? Planktonic larvae of the tropical nudibranch Phestilla sibogae have been utilized for numerous studies of the patterns and mechanisms of settlement and metamorphosis in response to specific dissolved cues. A small, polar metabolite from the adult […]