SPRING, J.H.*; HAZELTON, S.R.: Excretion in the house cricket, Acheta domesticus: Effects of cAMP on membrane dynamics, cell ultrastructure and secretion. In Acheta domesticus, the Malpighian tubules (Mt) are composed of three regions, each consisting of a single cell type. The cells of the mid-tubule display the classic architecture of transport epithelia, possessing extensive basolateral […]

CHAMBERLIN, M.E.: Developmental Changes in Insect Epithelial Ion Transport and Metabolism Like other caterpillars, the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) is essentially an eating machine that consumes large amounts of food to fuel the growth and development of the subsequent two developmental stages. Commensurate with its huge appetite is a large midgut, which is involved in […]

Martin, J.E.: Advances Through the Insect Hindgut How are insects able to maintain internal osmotic and ionic balance in the face of environmental challenges? Since early studies by Phillips which established desert locusts actively conserve water and produce a hyperosmotic excreta, the question of how homeostasis is achieved has been the central focus of his […]

HUTCHINSON, J.R.: The role of fossils in reconstructing the evolution of tendons on the line to birds. I integrate lines of evidence from 1) tendon and muscle anatomy and function in extant birds and their outgroups with 2) surface and histological features of fossil bones and 3) biomechanical computer simulations of hindlimb musculoskeletal functions. This […]

KER, R.F.: The implications of the adaptable fatigue quality of tendons for their construction, repair and function Different tendons are (i) subject to very different stresses from their muscles and (ii) show a corresponding variation in their susceptibility to fatigue damage. The balance between the functional demand (i) and the material property (ii) was demonstrated […]

SUMMERS, A. P.; KOOB, T.J.: The evolution of tendon Tendons in tetrapods have been well characterized and form the basis for comparison to the more basal goups. In a functional sense tendon has the same evolutionary history as muscle because even in the most basal invertebrates there is a junction between muscle and the tissue […]

ROBERTS, T.J.: The Integrated Function of Muscles and Tendons During Locomotion. The mechanical roles of tendon and muscle contractile elements during locomotion are often considered independently, but functionally they are tightly integrated. Tendons can enhance muscle performance for a wide range of locomotor activities because muscle-tendon units shorten and lengthen at velocities that would be […]

SMITH, R.K.W.*; GOODSHIP, A.E.: The Influence of Ageing and Exercise on Tendon Matrix: Hypotheses for the Initiation and Prevention of Strain-induced Tendinopathies Tendon strain injuries are common in human and equine athletes. In horses, in vitro strain measurements at rupture are close to in vivo measurements at the gallop. Small decreases in matrix quality will […]

BANES, Albert J; ARCHAMBAULT, Joanne; TSUZAKI, Mari; WALL, Michelle; GARVIN, Joanne: Tendon Loading Models and Cellular Responses Regulating Signaling and Gene Expression Tendons are designed to transfer the force of muscle contraction to bone to effect limb movement and are principally tensile load bearing. However, tendons may also be subjected to compression when passing through […]

ALEXANDER, R McN: Tendon Elasticity and Muscle Function Vertebrate animals exploit the elastic properties of their tendons in several different ways. First, metabolic energy can be saved in cyclic activities if tendons stretch and then recoil, storing and returning elastic strain energy, as the body loses and regains kinetic energy. The leg tendons of medium […]