D.F.MOFFETT*; S.B.MOFFETT; M.F.ROMERO: Immunolocalization of Na+-dependent anion exchanger (NDAE1) in anterior stomach of mosquito larvae (Aedes aegypti): relevance to gut alkalinization. A Na+-dependent anion exchanger (NDAE1) with homology to vertebrate bicarbonate transporters has recently been cloned from Drosophila and expressed in Xenopus oocytes.* In its orthograde mode NDAE1 mediates extrusion of Cl– and/or H+ in […]

SPANINGS-PIERROT, C.; WEIHRAUCH, D.*; LIGNOT, J.-H.; CHARMANTIER, G.; TOWLE, D.W.: Immunolocalization and gene expression of Na,K-ATPase in gills of the grapsid crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus . The activity, immunolocalization, and mRNA expression of Na,K-ATPase were studied in gills of the hyper-/hypoosmoregulating crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus acclimated to salinities of 10, 37, and 45 ppt. Enzyme activity was […]

GEHNRICH, S.G.*; HENRY, R.P.; WEIHRAUCH, D.; TOWLE, D.W.: Identification of Carbonic Anhydrase Isoforms in the Gills of the Shore Crab, and Changes in their Expression During Acclimation to Low Salinity. At low salinity, the epithelium in the posterior gills of the shore crab, Carcinus maenas, is believed to take up chloride and sodium from the […]

Lee, Carol Eunmi*; Piermarini, Peter; Reid, Nicole: INDEPENDENT INVASIONS OF FRESH WATER: LOW-SALINITY TOLERANCE AND ACTIVITY AND EXPRESSION OF NA,K-ATPASE IN LINEAGES OF THE COPEPOD EURYTEMORA SPP. The invasion of fresh water has occurred at least eight times independently in the sibling species complex Eurytemora affinis. We investigated the osmoregulatory role of an ion-pumping enzyme, […]

RIDGWAY, R.L.*; CHEUNG, M.B.; BARLAM, I.: Hemocyte Activation in Molluscs is Inhibited in the Presence of a Ca2+-chelating Buffer In the snail Lymnaea stagnalis, hemocyte activation is correlated with a rapid shift in cytoskeletal organization that facilitates amoeboid movement and cell aggregation. Activation involves characteristic stages: 1) substrate attachment, 2) spreading/flattening out, 3) generation of […]

SKAGGS, H.S.*; SNYDER, E.; HENRY, R.P.: Heavy metal effects on carbonic anhydrase in Callinectes sapidus and Carcinus maenas Branchial carbonic anhydrase (CA) in euryhaline crustaceans is known to function in active ion uptake and osmoregulation in low salinity. This function could be compromised by heavy metals in the aquatic environment. Cytoplasmic CA from gills of […]

Reese, S. A.*; Crocker, C. E.; Carwile, M. E.; Jackson, D.C.; Ultsch, G.R.: Habitat selection and the physiology of hibernation in common map turtles (Graptemys geographica) We submerged map turtles (Graptemys geographica) from Wisconsin in water equilibrated with air (normoxic) and in water equilibrated with nitrogen (anoxic) at 3 oC. Before submergence and for periods […]

KISS, A.J.*; CHENG, C.-H.C: Gamma Crystallins of Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes. The Notothenioidei suborder of teleost fishes of the Southern Ocean possess antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) that allow them to thrive in the habitually ice-laden Antarctic water. While the AFGPs are the most prominent adaptation of these fishes, other proteins have provided valuable insight into cold adaptation […]

STEYERMARK, A.C.*; LAM, M.; DIAMOND, J.: Functional design of the gut Did animals’ bodies evolve such that capacities of body components are matched efficiently to maximum natural loads, warranting the motto “enough but not too much”? Series pathways raise a further question in design optimality: do all steps have similar capacities, or is there a […]

DEVRIES, A.L.*; CHENG, C.-H.C: Freezing avoidance strategies differ in Antarctic and Arctic fishes Notothenioid fishes in Antarctica freeze at approximately -2.3oC. One degree of this freezing point depression is primarily due to NaCl, while the remainder is due to antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGP) and a recently discovered antifreeze potentiating protein (AFPP). AFGPs are present in the […]