Thirty-five genes found upregulated in Berghia stephanieae distal cerata


SOCIETY FOR INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
2021 VIRTUAL ANNUAL MEETING (VAM)
January 3 – Febuary 28, 2021

Meeting Abstract


P17-7  Sat Jan 2  Thirty-five genes found upregulated in Berghia stephanieae distal cerata Bigasin, AR*; Goodheart, JA; Lyons, DC; University of California, San Diego abigasin@ucsd.edu

Nematocysts are specialized stinging organelles made only by cnidarians to fend off predators or catch prey. However, multiple metazoan phyla that prey upon cnidarians have evolved the ability to sequester nematocysts for their own defense. The nudibranch gastropod Berghia stephanieae is an emerging research organism that possesses the ability to sequester immature nematocysts from the anemone Exaiptasia pallida. Nudibranch sequestration is not well-studied; we do not fully understand how the animal is able to recognize the foreign organelles (and differentiate immature from mature) and incorporate them into its own cells. Nematocysts are endocytosed from digested food by specialized cnidophage cells that are housed in an organ called the cnidosac, which resides at the tips of cerata (dorsal appendages that contain branches of the digestive system). The proximal section of each ceras (plural: cerata) contains digestive tissue, whereas the distal section contains the cnidosac and cnidophages. Differential expression (DE) analysis was conducted on distal and proximal cerata, using four different bioinformatics analysis packages, to find 105 differentially expressed genes. Of these 105 genes, 35 genes were upregulated in the distal cerata. All of these genes were blasted against the NCBI database to show 70% of the transcripts had significant hits. Among the upregulated genes were macrophage mannose receptor 1-like (known to be involved in coral and dinoflagellate symbiosis) and WNT-9A (important in embryonic development, particularly cell fate, proliferation and migration). These two genes may be involved in the recognition of immature nematocysts and development of the cnidosac, respectively. In the near future, tools like whole mount in-situ hybridizations will be developed to verify the location and expression of these genes.

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