Animal locomotion involves complex interactions between body movements and a substrate. Movements are controlled by motor circuits and modulated by sensory feedback. Insect flight is especially challenging to control, because the wings deform passively in flight due to the interaction between aerodynamic, inertial, and elastic forces, a phenomenon known as aeroelasticity. Additionally, insect wing control and actuation is morphologically limited to the base of the wings. One animal that has evolved to not only cope but benefit from this phenomenon is the dragonfly, whose flight performance is outstanding in the insect world. Dragonflies can adjust the amplitude, frequency, and angle of attack of each of their four wings independently. Since flapping flight is inherently unstable, the control of flight kinematics requires rapid, accurate sensory feedback to ensure that precise aerodynamic forces are generated through coordinated movements of the wing. Here we present the first comprehensive map of the sensory apparatus expressed on the wings of dragonflies. We combined different imaging techniques to highlight the axonal routing, sensor diversity and distribution across a range of species. Based on the detailed sensory anatomy, we modelled the airflow around the sensors via computational fluid dynamic simulations to identify the perceptible stimuli. By linking the position of sensory structures on dragonfly wings with the appropriate surrounding airflow, our results give the first insight into the sensing aspect of fly-by-feel in the dragonfly.