The curious case of chimaera kinematics gait transitions in the spotted ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei)


SOCIETY FOR INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
2021 VIRTUAL ANNUAL MEETING (VAM)
January 3 – Febuary 28, 2021

Meeting Abstract


P40-1  Sat Jan 2  The curious case of chimaera kinematics: gait transitions in the spotted ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei) Mehlhorn, AE*; Donatelli, CM; Hall, KC; William and Mary, Williamsburg; University of Ottawa, Ontario; University of Washington, Friday Harbor Labs aemehlhorn@email.wm.edu

Gait change, or the transition from one mode of locomotion to another, has been described in both terrestrial vertebrates (walk to run) and bony fish (fin flap to body undulation). However, little is known about gait transition in cartilaginous fish. Here we describe a gait change in a holocephalan chondrichthyan, the Spotted Ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei), which has been observed swimming with playing movements of its pectoral fins. While previous studies have classified H. colliei as labriform swimmers, we recorded a diversity of swimming patterns. To quantify aquatic gait, we placed H. colliei (N = 6) in a saltwater flume at speeds ranging from 0.1-0.8 body lengths per second (BL/s). We point tracked swimming video clips to determine pectoral fin, pelvic fin, and tail beat frequencies and amplitudes. Based on these data, H. colliei has three distinct gaits beginning with a pectoral undulation that gives way to oscillatory pectoral flapping and pelvic movement. At high swim speeds, H. colliei transition to whole body undulation. Anterior to posterior fin beat amplitudes characterize the transition from undulatory to oscillatory fin movements. The pectoral and pelvic fin beat frequencies increase linearly with swim speed from 0-0.3 BL/s, then maintain the same frequency from 0.3-0.5 BL/s, and increase linearly again from 0.5-0.8 BL/s. Tail beat amplitude nearly doubles at 0.6 BL/s, while pectoral and pelvic fin amplitudes decrease over increasing swim speeds. Thus, the first gait transition seems to occur between 0.3 and 0.5 BL/s and the second at 0.6 BL/s. By analyzing gait changes in H. colliei, we can begin to understand the complex kinematics of deep sea chondrichthyans.

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