8-3 Sat Jan 2 Surveying seasonal changes in behavior and wing coloration in a polyphenic butterfly Hirzel, GE*; Westerman, EL; University of Arkansas, Fayetteville; University of Arkansas, Fayetteville gehirzel@uark.edu https://gehirzel.wixsite.com/gehirzel
Many animals adopt specific morphs in response to changing environmental conditions that are associated with seasons. Morphological differences are often accompanied by changes to behavior as well. In butterflies, studies on associations between behavior and morphology are often conducted in the lab. To test how seasonal conditions affect both morphology and behavior in natural settings, we examined wild populations of Junonia coenia, a butterfly with well documented seasonal wing patterns. We collected data in 2018, 2019, and 2020 from May to November in three prairie sites in Northwest Arkansas. Every two weeks we visited sites to conduct focal watches, point counts, and transect surveys. On survey off-weeks we collected butterflies to record wing coloration. We found that there was an effect of season on behaviors, including flying, nectaring, resting and basking. There was also an effect of season on wing coloration. Collected butterflies began getting darker and were more likely to be classified as a fall morph starting in September. This change in coloration correlates to a decrease in weekly temperature, which corroborates past work in this species. Only a change in basking behavior correlated with this change in wing color. As wings of collected butterflies became darker, basking behavior increased. These results lay the foundation for understanding a holistic seasonal phenotype in J. coenia, a species in which most research efforts have been directed toward morphological studies. As typical seasonal conditions shift due to climate changes and land use, understanding how ambient conditions affect seasonal behaviors will be important for predicting changes in behavior of wild populations of butterflies and other pollinators.