Spotted lanternfly nymphs stick the landing using multiple self-righting behaviors


SOCIETY FOR INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
2021 VIRTUAL ANNUAL MEETING (VAM)
January 3 – Febuary 28, 2021

Meeting Abstract


4-7  Sat Jan 2  Spotted lanternfly nymphs stick the landing using multiple self-righting behaviors Kane, SA; Bien, T; Contreras-Orendain, L; Ochs, MF; Hsieh, ST*; Haverford College; Haverford College; Haverford College; The College of New Jersey; Temple University sthsieh@temple.edu

Many climbing arthropods and arboreal vertebrates use aerial self-righting to mitigate the risks associated with falling. Landing upright can maximize survival, even for animals small enough to avoid impact damage, by minimizing the cost of terrestrial self-righting and facilitating predator evasion. Spotted lanternflies (Lycorma delicatula) (SLFs) are invasive insect pests that frequently fall from host plants for predator avoidance and in response to abiotic factors (e.g., wind). We studied whether falling immature SLFs land upright more often than expected by chance, and, if so, whether they do so via active or passive mechanisms. Dropping tests of live 2nd through 4th instar nymphs falling 20 cm from a variety of different initial orientations revealed that during and after release, SLFs frequently reorient and tumble, suggesting that initial orientation alone does not determine falling behavior. Live SLFs landed upright in more trials (44-55%) than did dead SLFs (7-38%), with differences being highly statistically significant. High speed video showed that falling live SLFs adopt a stereotyped falling posture similar to that used by falling aphids, ants, geckos, frogs, and skydivers. Unexpectedly, we also found that significantly more SLFs reoriented to upright from other initial landing positions by a combination of bouncing and levering themselves upright using one or more legs holding onto the substrate, indicating the important role post-impact self-righting plays in determining final orientation. By studying SLFs filmed falling onto both hard, flat surfaces and compliant leaves, we confirmed that these insects can use multiple tactics to land upright on host plants.

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