Acrobatic primates (e.g., apes, ateline monkeys) have been shown to have greater ranges of motion at the hip than primates using more stereotyped locomotion (e.g., cercopithecines), which should reflect different positional needs between these two locomotor groups. However, how bony morphologies of the femur and pelvis interact to produce differing hip function remains poorly modeled. In this study, we conducted theory-based path analyses via structural equation modeling to determine which bony morphologies are the strongest predictors of hip range of motion in acrobatic and stereotyped anthropoid primates. Seven femur morphologies and two hip range of motion measures were obtained from nine acrobatic species (n=99 individuals) and 13 stereotyped species (n=109 individuals). Through variable selection and fit testing techniques, insignificant predictors were removed to create the most parsimonious final models for each group. While some morphological predictors, such as femur shaft length and neck-shaft angle, were important across groups, different combinations of bony morphologies best predicted hip range of motion in each locomotor group, demonstrating specific morphology-mobility-behavior linkages. Our models elucidate biologically important relationships between morphology and performance, which will be used in future studies to estimate hip function in fossil primates.