RUBEGA, M.A.*; HEATH, K.M.: Skeletal development in hatchling avocets and stilts: the effects of salt stress on growth and ossification. Post-hatching skeletal development in non-galliform precocial birds is less well-known than is embryonic development, and the effects of stress during growth are even less studied. Many studies have shown that high salinity levels are lethal […]

WEINSTEIN, R.B.*; HARTMAN, J.H.: Modeling the intermittent exercise strategy of “Ride and Tie” competition Intermittent exercise is characterized by bouts of exercise alternated with pauses. When exercise bouts are performed at a high intensity, brief pauses provide time for recovery from the preceding exercise bout. In “Ride and Tie”, a competitive sport incorporating intermittent exercise, […]

Sage, R.F.*; Sage, T.L.: Microsites Characteristics of Muhlenbergia richardsonis, an alpine C4 Plant. C4 plants are uncommon in cold environments at high latitude and altitude, and are not generally thought to occur in the alpine tundra. In the White Mountains of California, we found that the C4 grass Muhlenbergia richardsonis commonly occurs in the alpine […]

GUGLIELMO, C.G.*; PIERSMA, T.; WILLIAMS, T.D.: Flight-Induced Muscle Damage And Avian Migration, Evidence From Two Shorebird Species It has often been suggested that birds undergo processes of repair and physiological recovery following long distance flights, however exactly what these processes are remains mostly undescribed. High intensity, long duration exercise is known to cause muscle damage, […]

PACKARD, G.C.*; PACKARD, M.J.: Environmentally Induced Variation in Size and Condition of Hatchling Painted Turtles We manipulated the contents of newly constructed nests of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) so that each of three nests received two eggs from each of the same five females. The manipulation was replicated on three successive days, thereby yielding a […]

Lighton, J. R. B.*; Turner, R. J.: WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE FLUX IN THE FLUTTER PHASE OF THE INSECT DISCONTINUOUS GAS EXCHANGE CYCLE (DGC). The insect DGC is characterized by extreme variations in carbon dioxide release and oxygen uptake rates. During the flutter or F phase of the DGC, oxygen diffuses inwards from a ca. […]

BRADLEY,T.J.: The Discontinuous Gas Exchange Cycle in Insects May Serve to Reduce Oxygen Supply to the Tissues The discontinuous gas exchange cycle (DGC) in insects, consists of a closed phase (C) during which the spiracular valves at the openings of the tracheae are closed, a flutter phase (F) when the spiracles open and close rapidly, […]

CROSSLEY, D. A.*; HICKS, J. W.; BENNETT, A.F.: Postprandial changes in cardio-respiratory responses of the Savannah monitor (Varanus exanthematicus Cardio-respiratory control has been well characterized in numerous endothermic vertebrates, however our understanding of these systems in ectothermic vertebrates remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to thoroughly assess the cardiovascular and pulmonary responses […]

GREENLEE, K.J.*; HARRISON, J.F.; EGBERT, K. : How does the respiratory response to hypoxia change throughout ontogeny in a grasshopper and a caterpillar? As insects age, body size can increase dramatically. For example, grasshoppers (Schistocerca americana) grow to 100 times their original mass, and larval tobacco hornworms (Manduca sexta) increase an impressive 7,000-fold from hatchling […]

Altshuler, D.L.*; Chai, Peng: Hovering performance of hummingbirds in hyperoxic gas mixtures We present a test of the hypothesis that inspiration of hyperoxic air increases hummingbird hovering performance when birds are challenged aerodynamically. We measured the maximum duration of hovering flight and the simultaneous oxygen consumption of ruby-throated hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris) in low density heliox […]