CARD, G.*; WEYAND, P.; BIEWENER, A.A.: Changes in Effective Mechanical Advantage of the Human Limb during Sprint Acceleration How do people go fast? Previous studies have examined the role of leg muscle force in relation to energy cost during running at various steady speeds, but few have addressed how the leg muscles contribute to accelerating […]

WILLEY, J.S.*; REILLY, S.M.; BIKNEVICIUS, A.R.: The mechanics of a semi-erect posture: Locomotor force studies in Alligator Most studies of locomotor mechanics have focused on species utilizing erect postures. In order to begin to understand the mechanics of non-erect postures, we quantify the single limb locomotor function and whole body mechanics of Alligator mississippiensis using […]

LAMMERS, A.R.: The effects of incline and branch diameter on the kinematics of arboreal locomotion It is likely that the common ancestor of Mammalia was small, quadrupedal, and scansorial. To better understand the kinematics of arboreal locomotion in a primitive, scansorial mammal, I examined the effects of branch angle and diameter on limb posture, speed, […]

HURTT, B.C.*; BEKOFF, A.C. : MODULATION OF THE WALKING MOTOR PATTERN IN CHICKS DUE TO ASYMMETRIC LOADING OF THE FLEXOR MUSCLES Rhythmic motor patterns, such as walking, can be characterized by various components of the movement cycle using a variety of techniques, including kinematic and electromyographic (EMG) analyses. Normal, unloaded walking motor patterns are asymmetric: […]

FISH, F.E.; FRAPPELL, P.B.; BAUDINETTE, R.V.; MACFARLANE, P.M.: Energetics of terrestrial locomotion of the platypus: Metabolic inefficiencies due to aquatic adaptation The platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus displays specializations in its limb structure for swimming which could negatively impact its terrestrial locomotion. Platypuses locomoted on a treadmill at speeds from 0.19 to 1.08 m/s. Video records were […]

WHITE, T.D.*; REILLY, S.M.: Abdominal motor dynamics in mammal locomotion II: Integration of ventilation with “cross-coupled” body support and footfall patterns in trotting opossums T.D. White and S.M. Reilly Buffalo State College and Ohio University Abdominal motor dynamics in mammal locomotion II: Integration of ventilation with “cross-couplet” body support And footfall patterns in trotting opossums. […]

REILLY, S.M.*; WHITE, T.D.: Abdominal motor dynamics in mammal locomotion I: Asymmetrical modulation of “cross-couplet” body support in trotting opossums Electromyographical patterns of abdominal muscles and muscles associated with the epipubic bones were studied in the Virginia (Didelphis virginiana) and Pygmy (Monodelphis domestica) Opossums during treadmill locomotion at different speeds. Both species exhibited a striking […]

CLIFFORD, A.B.*; WITMER, L.M.: The Narial Anatomy of Hooded Seals (Cystophora cristata) with Respect to other Carnivora. Male hooded seals (Phocidae: Cystophora cristata) have two inflatable devices, both of which involve modification of their narial and facial anatomy. 1) An inflatable integumentary bladder is formed as the elastic and hairy epithelium covering the narial region […]

Sedlmayr, J.C.*; Witmer, L.M.: The Avian Suborbital Air Sac and its Potential Role in Brain Cooling in Birds and Other Dinosaurs The avian suborbital air sac, a caudal diverticulum of the antorbital paranasal air sinus, partially encircles the eyeball and interleaves between portions of the jaw musculature. It is unique in being a paranasal sinus […]

Powell, K.P.*; Rommel, S.A.: Reproductive Anatomy of the Female Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris). The Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris), an endangered marine mammal, inhabits coastal waters of the Southeastern United States. Relative to many other mammals, descriptions of the female reproductive tract of the Florida manatee are limited. It is essential to understand the […]