Jumping requires substantial mechanical power. Some frog species can exert high jumping power outputs through the use of elastic recoil mechanisms. Across anuran species, jumping power varies substantially despite relatively similar isolated muscle power outputs. This variability suggests interspecific differences in elastic energy storage, yet this remains untested. In this study, we measured differences in elastic energy storage (i.e., work) between Cuban tree frogs, cane toads, and bullfrogs. We used an isolated muscle preparation of the plantaris longus muscle-tendon unit (MTU) to characterize the force-length property of this muscle. Then, we quantified the maximal amount of energy stored in elastic structures of this MTU for each species. We found that mass-specific work differed across species. In particular, we found that the Cuban tree frog’s MTU stored approximately two and a half times more mass-specific energy than cane toad’s MTU and one and a half times more than the bullfrog’s MTU. Additionally, we found that mass-specific force was approximately two times greater in Cuban tree frogs. Moreover, we found that the plantaris longus in Cuban tree frogs had higher pennation angles than the other species suggesting that muscle architecture was modified to increase force capacity through packing of more muscle fibers. Finally, we found that the elastic elements in the plantaris longus MTU were stiffer in Cuban tree frogs. Our results suggest that muscles interacting with elastic structures may be tuned to generate higher forces, operate against stiffer elastic elements in order to augment elastic energy storage.