More than meets the eye high-speed video reveals aerobatic performance and the production of mechanical sounds in mating displays


SOCIETY FOR INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
2021 VIRTUAL ANNUAL MEETING (VAM)
January 3 – Febuary 28, 2021

Meeting Abstract


16-3  Sat Jan 2  More than meets the eye: high-speed video reveals aerobatic performance and the production of mechanical sounds in mating displays Boyle, WA*; Bodony, DJ; Shogren, EH; Nguyen, L; Day, EB; Kansas State University aboyle@ksu.edu http://www.aliceboyle.net

Male manakins attract mates with diverse physical and acoustic displays. Understanding details of these displays has revealed novel mechanisms of sound production, the functional significance of other traits, and afforded insight into the process of sexual selection. However, some behaviors remain a mystery due to their high speeds including those of Corapipo altera. Most of this species’ displays are performed at speeds resolvable by the human eye, occurring silently on or near an understory log. However, final, pre-copulatory elements involve an above-canopy flight followed by a high-speed dive and hop-about-face involving three distinct sounds (“flap-chee-wah”) produced in unknown ways. We recorded 94 high-speed video clips capturing sub-canopy portions of this display, performed by nine males at four logs, and synchronized video with audio recordings. The flap occurs as the male emerges from a >35 m/s head-first dive by opening wings and rippling a gap through the primaries in a “Spock” move. The sound likely results from the unsteady aerodynamic force created by the sudden wing motion, a mechanism of sound production previously undocumented in Pipridae. Speed decreases to ~20 m/s via a “parachute,” then the male swoops over the log, twisting, head-down, opening wings to bank and land backwards; the “chee” occurs during this twist. The final “wah” is vocal, occurring during the apex of an aerial cartwheel. Individuals were remarkably consistent in flight paths and landing locations when displaying alone, yet respond flexibly to female location. Individual differences hint at the ontogeny of performance and variation associated with female choice.

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