Modeling flight dynamics in gliding lizards


SOCIETY FOR INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
2021 VIRTUAL ANNUAL MEETING (VAM)
January 3 – Febuary 28, 2021

Meeting Abstract


P11-4  Sat Jan 2  Modeling flight dynamics in gliding lizards Clark, JV*; Clark, CM; Stanford University; Harvey Mudd College jvclark@stanford.edu

The ability to glide, climb, and run effectively is unique in the animal kingdom. Draco, a genus of flying lizards native to southeast Asia, attaches the leading edge of its patagial membrane, which functions as a wing, to its forelimbs, hence forming a “composite wing”. This allows full terrestrial running ability as well as long distance gliding. However, it is currently unknown how Draco lizards are able to maneuver effectively during flight. Prior studies have hypothesized that this “composite wing” gives Draco its ability to navigate mid flight and maintain body position while gliding long distances. In this work, it is theorised that the tail, which accounts for approximately 60% of the lizards’ length, also plays a pivotal role in glide maneuverability. We first modeled the Draco flight dynamics as a function of gravitational, lift, and drag forces. Lift and drag estimates were derived from wind tunnel experiments of 3D printed models based on the mass and geometry of Draco maculatus, a mid-sized Draco species with relatively low wing loading. Initial modeling leveraged the known mass and planar surface area of the Draco to estimate lift and drag coefficients. We developed a simplified, three-dimensional simulation for Draco flight, calculating longitudinal and lateral position and pitch angle of the lizard with respect to a cartesian coordinate frame. We used PID control to model the lizards’ tail adjustment to maintain pitch angle. Our model suggests Draco could predominantly use its tail to adjust its center of gravity in real time in order to maintain a desired angle of attack and control glide distance. This simulation will be further developed in the future using different physical models to more accurately measure lizard flight, in order to determine the effect of the tail on how Draco is able to maneuver mid-glide.

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