Intermetatarsal mobility in the American alligator


SOCIETY FOR INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
2021 VIRTUAL ANNUAL MEETING (VAM)
January 3 – Febuary 28, 2021

Meeting Abstract


71-3  Sat Jan 2  Intermetatarsal mobility in the American alligator Turner, ML*; Gatesy, SM; Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Brown University, Providence, RI, USA morgan_turner@brown.edu http://morganlturner.com

Feet mediate animal-substrate interactions across an animal’s entire range of limb poses used in life. Metatarsals, the ‘bones of the sole,’ are the dominant skeletal elements. In plantigrade animals, intermetatarsal mobility offers the potential for reconfiguration within the foot itself. Unlike most extant plantigrade animals, the proximal metatarsals in alligators are substantially dorsoventrally overlapped, or stacked. Alligators are capable of postural extremes—from a belly sprawl to a high walk to sharp turns—how does the unique foot morphology reconfigure to accommodate these diverse demands? Using marker-based XROMM, we measured metatarsal kinematics in three juvenile American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) across their locomotor and maneuvering repertoire on flat surfaces. We found that regardless of limb placement, the metatarsals conform to the ground to maintain fully plantigrade contact throughout most of stance phase. In addition to intermetatarsal abduction (spreading), metatarsals dynamically reconfigure via differential pitching. As distal condyles maintain ground contact, the proximal elevation of either metatarsal I or IV causes the proximal transverse axis of the metatarsus to ‘skew’ relative to the distal transverse axis. As metatarsals pass through a skew range of 45 degrees, up to 65 degrees of individual metatarsal long axis rotation (LAR) reorients the direction of proximal stacking relative to the ground. Through a combination of skewing and LAR, metatarsals proximally reorient and are permitted to maintain plantigrade ground contact throughout a diversity of extreme limb poses. These data suggest that for the many extinct fossil archosaur relatives that share this morphology, intermetatarsal mobility likely plays a significant role in maintaining ground contact across greater postural extremes in these taxa.

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