103-3 Sat Jan 2 Functional evolution of the skull during the fish-tetrapod transition: insight from living vertebrates Dutel, H*; Porro, LB; Fabre, A-C; Martin-Silverstone, E; Berks, H; Fagan, MJ; Rayfield, EJ; University of Bristol; University College London; The Natural History Museum, London; University of Bristol; University of Bristol; University of Hull; University of Bristol h.dutel@bristol.ac.uk
The colonization of land during the Devonian represents a major environmental transition in the evolution of vertebrates, which had a major impact on the evolution of essential functions such as feeding. Palaeontological discoveries have shed light on the sequence of anatomical transformations leading to early land-dwelling tetrapods. However, it is still unclear how changes in skull form relate to functional evolution in sarcopterygian fish and early tetrapods. Tackling this question requires a deeper understanding of skull anatomy and function in living taxa bracketing the fish-tetrapod transition. We first measured in vivo bite force in a sample of more than 50 fish, amphibian and amniote species and found that bite force varies significantly with phylogeny and ecology (terrestrial versus aquatic). We then quantified how bite force relates to jaw morphology using geometric morphometrics and found a strong co-variation between mandibular shape and bite force. In addition, we are using biomechanical modelling to determine how the reorganisation of the cranial musculoskeletal anatomy across the fish-tetrapod transition led to changes in skull kinetic parameters during feeding. We develop biologically informed multibody dynamic models of 5 living species to simulate and compare muscle activity, joint-reaction forces and bite force. This deeper understanding of the anatomy and function of the skull in living taxa will allow us to reconstruct morphological and functional evolution in fossil lobe-finned fishes and early tetrapods.