Field experiments uncover variable anti-predator behaviors used by spotted lanternfly nymphs


SOCIETY FOR INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
2021 VIRTUAL ANNUAL MEETING (VAM)
January 3 – Febuary 28, 2021

Meeting Abstract


57-9  Sat Jan 2  Field experiments uncover variable anti-predator behaviors used by spotted lanternfly nymphs Kane, SA; Bien, T*; Hsieh, ST; Haverford College; Haverford College; Temple University samador@haverford.edu https://samador.sites.haverford.edu/

Spotted lanternflies (Lycorma delicatula) (SLFs) are univoltine planthoppers newly invasive to the northeast United States. While several studies have examined the antipredator behavior of winged adults, little is known about how wingless nymphs respond to threats. This study used field experiments to determine whether a variety of different simulated predator visual stimuli (i.e., bare/gloved hands, forceps, bird and insect dummies), and a tactile stimulus (warm, humid breath) elicit antipredator responses in SLF nymphs. We also wished to explore whether the dropping and jumping avoidance behaviors found in other insects and small arboreal vertebrates are used by this species. Because these strategies are thought to enhance short-term survival but risk loss of the host plant, we researched the SLF’s preferred host, Ailanthus altissimus, to understand how its densely-stacked foliage might provide potential landing sites within the original plant. While first to third instar nymphs are black with white spots, the much larger fourth instar nymphs have conspicuous red patches that likely serve as an aposematic signal of unpalatability, suggesting the hypothesis that, like pea aphids, SLFs also might employ different defense mechanisms at different life stages. Second and third instar nymphs were found to be most responsive to the insect dummies as a visual stimulus, moving away or hiding in 66% and jumping/dropping in 34% of trials, and to respond to warm, humid breath by jumping/dropping in 65% of trials (a behavior previously proposed to reduce risk of incidental ingestion by herbivores). By contrast, except for shortly after emergence, the fourth instar nymphs ignored simulated predator attacks, though they readily jumped or dropped to evade humans.

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