Anole lizards (genus Anolis) have repeatedly and independently filled arboreal niches, and in parallel have evolved specific morphologies and features of locomotor performance. Controlled falls and gliding have typically evolved in concert with arboreality given an increased selective pressure to target and control landings during falls or intentional jumps from height. Directed aerial descent, in particular, is a locomotor mode often associated with an arboreal habitat, elongate appendages, and high surface area relative to body mass. Here, we assess morphological features among anole species that correlate with aerial performance, and hypothesize that greater body mass would correlate with greater glide angles. We used a vertical wind tunnel to simulate gliding by three to five individuals of each of five anole species representing various ecomorphs. For each lizard, we analyzed five glide trials as filmed at 400 fps. To extract three-dimensional positional data, we tracked four landmarks along the lizard’s spine using MATLAB. We smoothed these data with a quintic spline and estimated the velocity and acceleration with the first and second derivatives, respectively; flight performance was quantified from additional kinematic features including pitch, heading, body velocity, and glide ratio. We used comparative methods to account for phylogenetic relationships among the species, and found that aerial behavior and gliding performance differed substantially among anole ecomorphs.