56-6 Sat Jan 2 Escape maneuvers in calliope hummingbirds with visual feedback removed at varied timings Anwar, MZ *; Agrawal, S; Cheng, B; Tobalske, BW; Luo, H; Penn State University,State College, PA; Penn State University,State College, PA; Penn State University,State College, PA; University of Montana, Missoula, MT mxa1010@psu.edu https://sites.google.com/view/zafaranwar
In this work, we aim to understand the roles of visual feedback on the flight control and decision making of hummingbirds during escape maneuvers. We conducted experiments on two male Calliope hummingbirds where we removed their visual feedback by turning off the visible lights at various timings during the escape flight, and use infrared lights invisible to the birds for high-speed camera recordings. A nominal escape maneuver without the removal of vision comprises of two phases: a pitch-roll body rotation with backward translation (0-100ms) followed by a rapid pitch-down transition to forward flight. We found that hummingbirds can complete the first phase of the escape in the absence of visual feedback, but immediately terminates the escape and transitioned into hovering flight afterward. Surprisingly, hummingbirds were able to hover without visual feedback, however, assume a more upright body posture than normal hovering along with the tail flared to its maximum extent. With the visual feedback removed at varied timings, it was found that for trials with vison removed during phase I, the time that hummingbirds attaining hover flight remained approximately constant (~200 ms from the onset of the escape), regardless the timings of vision removal. However, for vison removed during phase II, the braking time (e.g., the time from vision-removed to hummingbirds attaining hovering flight) remained approximately constant. This result suggests that Phase I of the escape with body pitch-roll body rotation was either a visually open loop or the hummingbirds intentionally chose not to terminate, depending on the amount of the visual delay. For terminating escape flight, the hummingbirds reduced its flapping frequency to approximately 90% of that of hovering (60 Hz).