12-2 Sat Jan 2 Coordination of jet propulsion among physonect siphonophores Strock, S*; Colin, SC; Daniels, J; Costello, JH; Katija, K; Roger Williams University; Roger Williams University; Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute; Providence College; Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute scolin@rwu.edu
Physonect siphonophores are ubiquitous members of the epipelagic and midwater planktonic communities. Physonect swimming relies upon multiple individuals, termed nectophores, which are specialized solely for jet propulsion. Multiple nectophores and their central stem are collectively termed the nectosome and it is the sum necotosomal jet production that propels the entire colony during swimming. But are individual nectophores coordinated or acting independently? Using high-resolution video cameras attached to remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), we quantified the swimming behavior and kinematics of multiple nectophores of several physonect species in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Long-duration observations of individuals (> 1 hr.) showed that some species have consistent patterns of behavior that switch between drifting, swimming, and maneuvering. These different behaviors change the depth of siphonophores and determine vertical positions over time. Metachronal nectophore pulsation was frequent. In these cases, a leading nectophore contracted first and adjacent, trailing nectophores subsequently contracted with an almost-constant phase shift between individual nectophores. However, this was not true for all nectophores within a nectosome. We discuss the implications of these patterns for siphonophore swimming.