19-11 Sat Jan 2 Can you sing that again? Assessing wide-scale vocal adjustment in urban songbirds Johnson, JR*; Piland, NC; University of California, Davis; University of Chicago jcbjohnson@ucdavis.edu
Songbirds rely heavily on vocalizations for communication, territory defense, reproduction and in other contexts. Anthropogenic noise may be a widespread cause of vocal adjustment in urban songbirds. Therefore, understanding the effects of chronic noise on avian acoustic signaling systems is a key part of understanding the adaptability of these organisms to human-altered environments. While many case studies have focused on vocal adjustment in individual species, few comparative multispecies studies exist. This study looked for broad patterns of vocal adjustment by comparing the vocalizations of thirty-eight songbird species in both urban and rural environments. We quantified individual vocalization rates in recordings obtained from the Macaulay Library, Xeno Canto, and eBird, taking samples from seven countries and ten cities worldwide. We then used a matched-sample analysis to look for trends across all species assessed. Our results show that individual songbirds in urban environments signal significantly more frequently than their rural counterparts, supporting the hypothesis that many songbird species are changing their vocalizations in a similar manner. This difference in signaling rates may be attributable to vocal adaptation in the face of a noisy environment, stress due to noise-induced hypervigilance, or some combination of the two. Further research is required to isolate the source of the behavioral discrepancy between urban and rural songbirds, but this study nonetheless suggests that vocal adjustment in songbirds is prevalent on a global, multispecies scale.