BSP-1-3 Sun Jan 3 14:30 – 14:45 Can you hear me now? Shoaling in a sensory-limited environment LeFauve, MK*; Kawano, SM; Hernandez, LP; George Washington University; George Washington University; George Washington University mlefauve@gwu.edu
A shoal is a nonrandom group of fish swimming together in a loose cluster. Shoaling is an excellent proxy for organismal function in an ecosystem as it is a critical behavior that aids in food acquisition, reproduction, and predator avoidance. Shoaling behavior is complex, with individuals frequently changing position, and likely requires multiple sensory modalities. All cypriniform fishes possess a Weberian apparatus, a series of bones connecting the swim bladder to the inner ear, that amplify sounds. Cypriniform fishes are noteworthy in that while they are hearing specialists that often use their vision preferentially for hunting and social behaviors. This study aimed to test the limits upon which sensory modalities can change shoaling behavior in cypriniform fishes. Shoaling behavior was assessed using side preference, kinematics, and behavioral motifs in an open field with vision and hearing access or just hearing access to an artificial shoal of species conspecifics or heterospecifics. Preliminary results on side preference suggest that an obligate shoaling species, the giant danio, may be able to form conspecific-biased shoals when only given auditory access to the artificial shoal. Kinematic results suggest that visual access to conspecifics may be required to perform investigative behaviors, such as excursions, in both facilitative shoaling and obligate shoaling species. These results suggest that there may be stronger evolutionary pressure for multimodal sensory flexibility in obligate shoaling species.