Within the past six years, a new pathogen, Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD), has spread rapidly across the Florida reef tract causing widespread mortality for dozens of coral species. Although there is great interest in learning about the origin and pathology of this disease, there is less known about its relationship with reef fish communities, in particular coral-associated species like butterflyfish. This study investigates the abundance, habitat association, and foraging behaviors of butterflyfishes in the middle Florida Keys (USA) using field foraging studies. Diver visual surveys of butterflyfish abundance, foraging behavior, and disease prevalence were conducted across 10 reefs in the middle Florida Keys. An additional sample of 60 coral colonies of four species (MCAV, OFAV, CNAT, SSID) either recently dead, actively infected with SCTLD, or healthy were monitored for fish activity using time-lapse videophotography. Foureye butterflyfish were significantly more abundant than the three other species of butterflyfishes and were found in higher proportions at diseased coral colonies than at healthy or recently dead coral colonies. Furthermore, only foureye butterflyfish preferred to feed on infected coral colonies over dead or healthy corals and were observed to feed directly on the disease line where tissue loss was occurring. There were significantly different foraging patterns for individual versus paired foureye butterflyfish in our field study with individual fish feeding on hard coral whereas paired butterflyfish fed on more soft corals.