Behavior of the encapsulated embryos of little skates, Leucoraja erinacea


SOCIETY FOR INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
2021 VIRTUAL ANNUAL MEETING (VAM)
January 3 – Febuary 28, 2021

Meeting Abstract


35-1  Sat Jan 2  Behavior of the encapsulated embryos of little skates, Leucoraja erinacea McShaffrey, C*; Forbes, E; Long, JH; Vassar College; Vassar College; Vassar College jolong@vassar.edu

The embryo of the little skate, Leucoraja erinacea, faces the daunting task of living for up to a year isolated in its egg capsule at the bottom of the ocean. After a few months, jelly blocking each tendril degrades, opening the slits that permit water flux. As gas exchange becomes a physiological imperative, embryos must actively ventilate their capsule. As they do so over months, their growth changes their morphology, sensory capacity, and, as a result, their physical interactions with the capsule. Thus we expected the embryo’s behaviors to change dramatically over the course of their egg-bound development. Previous research has shown that embryos ventilate their capsule by undulating their tail to pump water through the slits in the tendrils. However, this picture does not capture the full scope of their behavioral complexity throughout development. In this exploratory study, we observed and videotaped embryos in their capsules during three late developmental stages. Embryos changed their movement patterns, how they interacted with their capsule as they grew, how they responded to vibrations, and, surprisingly, how they responded to the voice of the investigator. After cataloging behaviors, we analyzed their interactions as a network of finite states, including threshold triggers and changes over developmental time. Building from preliminary qualitative work, we find clear evidence that the embryos of little skates are doing much more, behaviorally, than just ventilating their egg capsule.

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