LINDBERG, D.R.; MATZEN, B.L.*; Univ. of California, Berkeley; Univ. of California, Berkeley: Anna Meyer and the Distinction between Grades and Clades in Models of Early Gastropod Evolution

Anna Meyer published her first (and apparently last) scientific paper in 1913, and reported on the organization of the renogential systems in the Diotocardia and Monotocardia and the evolutionary signal present in this character suite. Meyer’s phylogeny broke with conventional wisdom of her time and she reconstructed early gastropod evolution as a sequence of branching events rather than a continuous grade. Her phylogeny was ignored because it did not correspond to the well-ordered grades that came to dominate gastropod systematics for over 75 years, but her schematics of renogenital configurations have been prominently featured in the molluscan literature for over 55 years, often without citation and redrawn to show a different set of relationships. We hope that the translation of her paper from German into English (http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/collections/archdat.html) will make her contribution more accessible to workers.