By breeding in environments with few competitors or predators, animals can increase the survival and growth of their offspring. However, the ability of adults to detect the presence of and distinguish between different species represents a potential limitation to adaptive habitat selection. We tested if the eastern gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor) changed its oviposition site selection in response to the presence of tadpoles of two other frog species: the American bullfrog and the green frog. We selected these species because, although they may both occupy treefrog breeding habitats, ecological differences suggest they may have different effects on treefrog tadpoles. We established three types of artificial breeding pools: no competitors, bullfrog tadpoles present, and green frog tadpoles present. Adult treefrogs bred in pools with no competitors more frequently and earlier in the breeding season than pools with competitors. There was no difference in breeding activity between pools with bullfrog and green frog tadpoles. An additional experiment revealed that treefrog tadpoles developed faster and grew larger in the absence of these competitors compared to the presence of either competitor. Bullfrogs and green frogs had similar effects on treefrog tadpole development and growth. Both competitors elicited a similar response in treefrog breeding site selection and resulted in similar effects on offspring fitness. These results contrast with previous studies suggesting a closely related treefrog does not avoid breeding in wetlands with heterospecific competitors. Our findings support a causal relationship between habitat selection and competition, and suggest that these two anuran competitors, despite their ecological differences, are functionally equivalent in their effects on amphibian breeding activity.