102-9 Sat Jan 2 A bone of contention – The search for wormians in squamates Laver, RJ*; Hunziker, J; Bauer, AM; Daza, JD; Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA; Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA; Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA rebeccajlaver@gmail.com
Wormian bones (WB) are additional ossifications that typically occur in cranial sutures, most common in mammals, particularly the akinetic skulls of humans. In contrast, WB are perceived as rare in reptiles; to date, only two studies record observations in squamates. We surveyed >1,200 skulls spanning 1,123 species from 71 families of lizards and snakes. We observed the roofing bones using predominantly microCT data, supplemented with detailed specimen sketches from skull descriptions, and photographs of cleared and stained specimens. We found WB in lizards from Agamidae, Xantusiidae, and a variety of gecko species from Diplodactylidae, Gekkonidae, Pygopodidae and Sphaerodactylidae, as well as in multiple snakes from Colubridae, Elapidae, Typhlopidae and Xenotyphlopidae. The majority of WB were found between the parietals and the supra- or ex-occipitals, the second most common position was the frontoparietal suture. Frequently the WB occurred as singular bones, and along the mid-sagittal plane; although in some instances the WB was asymmetrical (on only one side of the skull), or two asymmetric WB occurred. The WB themselves also varied in size and shape. This study indicates that, whilst these elements are still rare, they appear to have been overlooked in the past. However, increasing generation of microCT data may allow for more frequent detection, particularly when it is more common knowledge that they occur in squamates. Better quantification of these bones across reptiles may also give us greater power to elucidate reasons WB arise where they do, and to assess possible functions or even constraints of these accessory bones within the more kinetic skulls of squamates, and in particular, snakes.